https://www.illustratedmenagerie.com/scientific-illustrations daily 0.75 2018-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497549448403-DDBNI02VVOI509C0H9E6/Chicken+Skull+%28Gallus+gallus%29+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Chicken Skull (Gallus gallus) The skull of a domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus). An assignment for the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: stippled pen and ink. 8 by 4 inches. Time: 25 hours (3 on sketches and value study, 22 on final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497549448403-DDBNI02VVOI509C0H9E6/Chicken+Skull+%28Gallus+gallus%29+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Chicken Skull (Gallus gallus) The skull of a domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus). An assignment for the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: stippled pen and ink. 8 by 4 inches. Time: 25 hours (3 on sketches and value study, 22 on final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497549859063-PTK4AEJBPSPAFEDOJQQO/Unicorn+Beetle+with+Watermark.png Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Unicorn Beetle (Dynastes tityus*) An illustration of the Eastern Hercules Beetle from the United States. Although it was labeled as such, the coloration doesn't match with any references I could find. An assignment for the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: colored pencil on film. 7 by 3 inches. Time: 10 hours (2 on research and sketches, 8 on final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497551884364-EHBKOG52T939AY8T02K2/Little+Blue+Heron+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) Two little blue herons with a bird of prey soaring overhead. An assignment for the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: colored pencil. 11 by 17 inches. 17 hours (2 on research, 3 on sketches, 12 on final drawing) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525446569310-3ZD1HOKJVTOLCXAYVGD5/Mother%27s+Day+Elephant.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Asiatic Elephant https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525446179863-OJSYESQ5IOFS1CFY453P/Lion+Fam.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - African Lion https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525446648248-W92VY3HYY9WZB38X0KB6/Mother%27s+Day+Bears.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Grizzly Bear https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497551328023-20X7PTRGWUEF2NRYKKE7/Deer+Fern+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Deer Fern (Blechnum spicant) A deer fern (or hard-fern) that I drew during my botanical illustration class. An assignment for the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: stippled pen and ink, 2 by 8 inches. 12 hours (3 on specimen collection and sketches, 9 on drawing) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497552117704-9HKXKILA3F3XSA77NQ7B/Red+Onion+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Red Onion (Allium cepa) One of the final illustrations for my botanical illustration class. An assignment for the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 4 inches. 8 hours (1 on research and photography, 7 on drawing) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497550565727-NGRDP6HF01G5GNS103DL/Chicken+with+Watermark.png Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Male Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) A small image meant to accompany my poster on the domestication of chickens. An assignment for the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: colored pencil on drawing paper. 10 by 8 inches. 5 hours (1 research, 4 drawing) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497556145569-HI1G2MVRH27BXCWCB868/Chicken+Domestication+Digital+Poster.png Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Domestication of the Chicken poster My final project for my first course in the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: digital. 11 by 17 inches. 6 hours (3 research, 3 for digital composition) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497550855439-RA9R7WV6CET8D53S1R4Z/Bonobo+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Bonobo Jaw Muscle Study (Pan paniscus) A study focusing on the chewing muscles of the bonobo (or pygmy chimpanzee). An assignment for the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 8 inches. 10 hours (2 research, 2 sketches and measurements, 6 drawing) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497554828276-83SS3MNE86EM5UX5BLUX/Wing+Study+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Deinonychus antirrhopus Wing Study A study of Deinonychus' wings. The number of feathers and placement of the petagium (skin between shoulder and wrist) is based on the related Anchiornis huxleyi, a dinosaur famous for most of its coloration able to be reconstructed. Juvenile Deinonychus may have used this to aid in gliding, although the extent that an adult, clearly flightless Deinonychus would retain it is debatable. Media: graphite. 3 by 8 inches. 2 hours (1 hour of research, 1 hour for final illustration). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497555331546-4IVQW5C2CTHWLD3CB0GH/Deinonychus+working+papers+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Deinonychus antirrhopus layer study The skeletal, muscular, and fully-fleshed reconstruction of Deinonychus antirrhopus. My skeletal is based on a combination of my own photographs of articulated fossils and the work of Scott Hartman. I combined the musculature of an ostrich and an owl to get the most accurate replication I could. The feathers are based on related species, as Deinonychus has not been preserved with any soft tissue. Media: graphite. Each image is 11 by 4 inches (substituting inches for feet in a scale). 5 hours (2 hours of research, an hour for each drawing). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497552935424-8WONRD48PC2VKCHE4AFU/Deinonychus+Color+Study+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Color Study of Deinonychus antirrhopus An important part of my reconstruction of Deinonychus antirrhopus was deciding what coloration I would use in my final illustration. Knowing their predatory nature and floodplain environment gave me clues, along with the knowledge that they were feathered based on related animals (Velociraptor, Dakotaraptor, Sinornithosaurus, etc.). These are all inspired from a variety of water birds and birds of prey, such as herons, eagles, and owls. The top left image, based on a horned owl and a red-tailed hawk, was the one I chose to use for my project. Media: colored pencil, each 1 by 2 inches 3 hours (1 for research, 2 for drawing) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497555792942-GNAZ91C1N76AI06KUHAS/Deinonychus+skeletal+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Deinonychus antirrhopus skeleton A full skeletal reconstruction of Deinonychus antirrhopus' skeleton for my final project. An assignment for the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. Media: colored pencil. 7 by 15 inches. 15 hours (2 for research, 1 for articulation, 12 for final illustration). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1497556630829-JQ3T4X3UCVKRSP3MO9BE/Deinonychus+antirrhopus+with+Watermark.jpg Scientific Illustration Portfolio - Deinonychus antirrhopus on Zephyrosaurus schaffi My final reconstruction of Deinonychus antirrhopus, a predatory dinosaur from the early Cretaceous period, for one of my courses at the UW Natural Science Illustration Program. The coloration is based on the great horned owl and the red-tailed hawk. I have reconstructed it with ear tufts like a modern horned owl. This decision was made thinking that it might be an aid in hunting and communication since there is evidence that they were social animals, but this particular feature is pure speculation and has no evidence to support it. This Deinonychus is presented perched on a male Zephyrosaurus schaffi, a small burrowing dinosaur that shared Deinonychus' habitat. Media: colored pencil on film. 8 by 16 inches. 20 hours (3 for research, 1 for preliminary sketches, 16 for final illustration). https://www.illustratedmenagerie.com/writing daily 0.75 2017-06-14 https://www.illustratedmenagerie.com/writing/2017/6/15/inspirations-for-my-writing monthly 0.5 2017-06-15 https://www.illustratedmenagerie.com/writing/tag/writing monthly 0.5 https://www.illustratedmenagerie.com/comissioned-scientific-illustrations daily 0.75 2018-07-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530909780866-QT9UP8X6D51ZETBTRSKS/Tyrannosaurus+rex+Family.jpg Paleoart - Tyrannosaurus Rex Family One of the most fascinating things I've learned about Tyrannosaurus was its distinct growth stages. For several years after hatching they would have barely grown. The youngest specimen found was two years old and weighed around 60 pounds. Until about age 8-10 it seems they remained quite small. Although a number of theories can be proposed from this information, a popular theory is that they were given a degree of protection and care by their parents. Maybe they were successful small to medium independent predators, or perhaps they hunted in sibling gangs. It also is not known if Tyrannosaurus mated for life. If so, this increases the chances of long-term parenting behavior. Monogamy and childcare are well-documented in modern relatives, so it certainly isn't unprecedented. Personally, I think dedicated nuclear family units are reasonable to depict, and hope we get more clues in the behavior of Tyrannosaurus soon! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530909780866-QT9UP8X6D51ZETBTRSKS/Tyrannosaurus+rex+Family.jpg Paleoart - Tyrannosaurus Rex Family One of the most fascinating things I've learned about Tyrannosaurus was its distinct growth stages. For several years after hatching they would have barely grown. The youngest specimen found was two years old and weighed around 60 pounds. Until about age 8-10 it seems they remained quite small. Although a number of theories can be proposed from this information, a popular theory is that they were given a degree of protection and care by their parents. Maybe they were successful small to medium independent predators, or perhaps they hunted in sibling gangs. It also is not known if Tyrannosaurus mated for life. If so, this increases the chances of long-term parenting behavior. Monogamy and childcare are well-documented in modern relatives, so it certainly isn't unprecedented. Personally, I think dedicated nuclear family units are reasonable to depict, and hope we get more clues in the behavior of Tyrannosaurus soon! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530909687865-6WGUUIJGCNIBYF41IOGZ/Stan.jpg Paleoart - Stan (Male Tyrannosaurus rex) Specimen BHI 3033 is a nearly-complete specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex. Although the specimen has been nicknamed 'Stan', its sex is not currently known, but I have followed convention and depicted Stan as a male, complete with the 'crown' of cornified tissue that I reconstructed on my male tyrants. Stan is notable for having the best-preserved skull of any T. rex, although Sue has the best-preserved overall skeleton. There are several injuries on Stan's skull, likely inflicted by another Tyrannosaurus. In addition, two vertebra in Stan's neck are fused, perhaps another injury sustained during an intraspecific fight. These wounds are healed over, indicating that Stan survived these combats. The sheer number of healed injuries from other tyrannosaurs on his skeleton suggests that this specimen endured several duals throughout his life. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530909608287-FYWR03M0BP2RJUJ3H2V6/Sue.jpg Paleoart - Sue (Female Tyrannosaurus rex) Specimen FMNH PR 2081 is the largest and best preserved Tyrannosaurus skeleton ever discovered. Nicknamed 'Sue' after the paleontologist who discovered her, Dr. Sue Hendrickson. Like Stan, Sue's sex is not known, but as the specimen's name is Sue and it is often described as female, I've used her as an example of a female T. rex, with duller coloration and less ornamentation than my male rex, represented by Stan. Sue was auctioned for $8.3 million USD, making her the most expensive fossil ever sold. She is a permanent feature the Field Museum in Chicago. Although Sue has many healed injuries and pathologies attesting to a difficult 28 years of life (quite old for a T. rex), her cause of death is not currently known. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530909961943-QTQN0G875HDDBM9LAZ7S/Azhdarchid+Parade.jpg Paleoart - My Azhdarchidae Depicted here are the three largest azhdarchid pterosaurs, from the left: Arambourgiania philadelphiae, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, and Hatzegopteryx thambema. These giant pterosaurs were highly successful towards the end of the Cretaceous period, with their bones being found on several continents. Despite their great size, these animals were capable fliers. Although there has been some disagreement about their diet and lifestyle, the currently-accepted theory is that they were terrestrial hunters that specialized in small to medium-sized game. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530909862190-BW4ONE88ZWXYOQI832M9/Lambeosaurus+lambei.jpg Paleoart - Lambeosaurus lateral Lambeosaurus was a large hadrosaur https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530910058577-5LOMVTWQ8CIPUPYB55MR/Mapusaurus+Family.jpg Paleoart - Mapusaurus family Mapusaurus has earned a degree of recognition in the public eye when it was discovered, as the bone bed was discovered with at least seven individuals of varying ages. This has been interpreted as evidence of possible social behavior and perhaps even cooperative hunting. While this may have been a predator trap (some prey animal gets stuck in quicksand and lures predators to a similar fate), other large theropods have shown evidence of living in groups, and this would enable Mapusaurus to tackle some of the enormous sauropods that lived in their environment. If they did hunt in groups, it was most likely analogous to the mob tactics of modern Komodo dragons and crocodilians. That said, there is increasing evidence that dinosaurs had long incubation periods and therefore perhaps increased parental investment, and they may have been more socially complex than is currently understood. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530909520028-Z116XV9OWJNA9QWW2J53/Zephyrosaurus+schaffi.jpg Paleoart - Zephyrosaurus lateral Zephyrosaurus was a small dinosaur that likely lived in burrows. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445660946-X38N05S9H3JZK2EKXXWF/Zephyrosaurus+Father+and+Son.jpg Paleoart - Zephyrosaurus schaffi Zephyrosaurus schaffi was a small herbivorous dinosaur about the size of a coyote or boarder collie that lived in early Cretaceous North America, alongside such dinosaurs as the ferocious predator Deinonychus and the tallest dinosaur yet discovered, Sauroposeidon. Although few fossils of Zephyrosaurus have been discovered, many related species have shown interesting features that can also be reasonably attributed to this little animal. Oryctodromeus, one of its closest relatives, has been found in a burrow with two juveniles, suggesting both a tendency to burrow and long-term parental care. Kulindadromeus, another related genus, is famous in the paleontological community because it was covered in hair-like filaments, yet retained scales on its tail and lower legs. Using related animals to determine the appearance and behavior of Zephyrosaurus isn't perfect (lions and tigers are both Panthera, yet have notably different behaviors and can be easily told apart by viewers), yet it helps paleontologists reasonably hypothesize behavior and gives artists a good foundation to build their reconstructions to be as accurate as possible. Colored Pencil 4 hours (1 for research and sketches, 3 for final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530911756546-GBKW8XN4CTW910SFR0SX/Apatosaurus+louisae.jpg Paleoart - Apatosaurus lateral A bull Apatosaurus louisae https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530911171125-B522E4659VFJRRFAPIUS/Apatosaurus+louisae+Full+Page.jpg Paleoart - Apatosaurus A bull Apatosaurus louisae drinking from a lake in the Morrison Basin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530909471951-L8U4B9PX6NKGP3I4U7HW/Ceratosaurus+nasicornis.jpg Paleoart - Ceratosaurus lateral Ceratosaurus was a theropod that lived during the late Jurassic period. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445622945-QPK4E24YD3RL0Y2WH4ML/Nesting+Ceratosaurus+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Ceratosaurus nasicornis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530910668802-3SG1RA4MDHDWX1S0H7Y7/My+Dromaeosauridae.jpg Paleoart - My Dromaeosauridae A collection of the dromaeosaurs that I've illustrated this past year, drawn to scale: 1. Acheroraptor 2. Dakotaraptor 3. Deinonychus 4. Dromaeosaurus 5. Saurornitholestes 6. Velociraptor 7. Utahraptor https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1512527632018-BMDA2GADCZ7JHPUYR8DN/Smilodon+Deviantart+Watermark.jpg Paleoart - Smilodon populator https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1526158717821-1QJ71EUMYERLV9OM0S17/We+Three+Kings.jpg Paleoart - We Three Kings Three of the largest predatory dinosaurs: Tyrannosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, and Spinosaurus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1510087175102-3T0H40B6A5GKZ4F2NKI1/Spinosaurus+IM+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Spinosaurus aegyptiacus was a gigantic theropod dinosaur, growing longer than 50 feet in length and weighing at least 10 tons. It primarily ate fish, although anything near its watery home was considered prey. With hollow bones and a series of air sacks throughout their bodies, most theropods would have floated on the surface of the water like ducks. Not so with Spinosaurus. It's bones were solid and dense, and it would have sunk to the bottom of the water, potentially such that it couldn't technically swim. Short, powerfully-muscled legs would have made it quite swift as it jogged along the bottom of the rivers and estuaries it called home, with its sail acting like a ship's keel to keep it from tipping. All this adds up to a terrifying animal, more than earning its ferocious reputation as the largest predatory dinosaur ever discovered. Colored Pencil 8 hours (1 for research, 1 for sketches, 6 for final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1507294429695-C194ENH9CKELHRPHDXIJ/Deinonychus+Junglefowl+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Deinonychus antirrhopus (red junglefowl) With a powerful sense of smell, the ability to break bones, and several anatomical features suggesting endurance over bursts of speed, the idea of Deinonychus filling a similar ecological role as a vulture is not to be ruled out. While its wings were too small to fly, they may have helped make the animal appear larger to dominate a kill. Fossil sites featuring multiple Deinonychus dying together have been used as evidence for pack-hunting behavior, but these sites are also consistent with mob attacks of Komodo dragons and vultures. Consensus has not been reached among paleontologists on the matter of coordinated pack hunting versus mob scavenging (perhaps a bit of both?), so I included two ideas of what a scavenger-leaning Deinonychus may have looked like. For this reconstruction, I was primarily inspired by the red junglefowl and the lappet-faced vulture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1507294409900-DTY7XZNZNC1JTR6EI8WZ/Deinonychus+Cassowary+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Deinonychus antirrhopus (cassowary) Deinonychus may have been more scavenger than active predator. Few animals are exclusively one or the other, but some, like vultures and male lions, use their size to bully smaller predators away from their kills. This reconstruction took inspiration from condors, cassowaries, and turkeys. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1507294418373-X1SBFX1W21HD3UF9WAXR/Deinonychus+Heron+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Deinonychus antirrhopus (heron) The habitat that Deinonychus called home was a vast floodplain. For this reconstruction, I looked to birds like the great blue heron and snowy egret for inspiration. While there is no evidence that Deinonychus was a piscivore (fish-eater), there was a group of related species in the southern hemisphere that specialized in hunting fish. This image is the least likely reconstruction, yet it's not out of the question. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1507294438659-TTMLX3UQ0B2MUCT7AQ0N/Sinornithosaurus+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Deinonychus antirrhopus (Sinornithosaurus millennia) Sinornithosaurus millenii, a close relative of Deinonychus, is a fascinating dinosaur. A small dromeosaur (raptor), it has been preserved with a full covering of feathers. Most of the body was covered in hairlike down, but its wings and tail had feathers with filaments branching from a quill. Not as advanced as a bird feather, but it may have been possible for Sinornithosaurus to glide. Not only does this dinosaur provide us with a template for the feathers of other dromeosaurs, recent evidence has shown it preserved with color! Mostly orange and brown, Sinornithosaurus would have been well camouflaged in its forested environment. This is the most conservative of my reconstructions, as it is based on a closely related dinosaur, not a modern bird. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1507294405067-N11OLGGTHX14LY58QUFS/Deinonychus+Caracara+Watermark.jpg Paleoart - Deinonychus antirrhopus (caracara) A popular trend by modern paleoartists is to depict raptors as, well... raptors. Birds of prey like hawks and eagles often serve as inspiration for animals like Velociraptor and Deinonychus. AS a nod to this trend, I have included two 'raptor' based reconstructions of Deinonychus. This one is a mixture of the caracara of Central and South America, and the bearded vulture known throughout the Old World. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1507294443671-JD7GE9JG2ZTQLAVGXJZQ/Deinonychus+Owl+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Deinonychus antirrhopus (great horned owl) This reconstruction is my personal favorite. It is the one I chose for my full-bodied reconstruction of Deinonychus. For inspiration I chose the great horned owl, along with other owl species. If Deinonychus was a pack hunter, having 'ear tufts' like an owl may have helped them coordinate, much like wolves. This is speculation on my part. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1505496974904-FIAJJJKJ9IOBKKXFJNU6/Adult+Pachycephalosaurus+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Adult Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis For many dinosaurs, each growth stage came with striking characteristics. This has led to a great deal of taxonomic confusion, as early paleontologists assumed dinosaurs would be more like lizards (the young were simply tiny versions of adults). Tyrannosaurus juveniles had much longer legs compared to adults, and Triceratops had distinct horn and frill shapes for each part of its life. In many of these cases, each growth stage was given its own genus and species. Three distinct morph of dome-headed dinosaurs, or Pachycephalosaurs, lived in the same environment at the end of the cretaceous: named Dracorex, Stygimoloch, and Pachycephalosaurus. There is now general concensus among paleontologists that these three were all Pachycephalsaurus, respectively representing juvenile, subadult, and adult growth stages. Pachycephalosaurus was the largest of the dome-headed dinosaurs. It was an herbivore which thrived at the very end of the age of dinosaurs. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 8 inches. Part 3 of 3: total project 19-22 hours (3 for research, 4 for skull measurements and reconstruction, and 4-5 hours for each of the three drawings) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1505496799252-YSQZSE909P2WGOPME7HA/Subadult+Pachycephalosaurus+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Subadult Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis (or Stygimoloch spinifer) For many dinosaurs, each growth stage came with striking characteristics. This has led to a great deal of taxonomic confusion, as early paleontologists assumed dinosaurs would be more like lizards (the young were simply tiny versions of adults). Tyrannosaurus juveniles had much longer legs compared to adults, and Triceratops had distinct horn and frill shapes for each part of its life. In many of these cases, each growth stage was given its own genus and species. Three distinct morph of dome-headed dinosaurs, or Pachycephalosaurs, lived in the same environment at the end of the cretaceous: named Dracorex, Stygimoloch, and Pachycephalosaurus. There is now general concensus among paleontologists that these three were all Pachycephalsaurus, respectively representing juvenile, subadult, and adult growth stages. Pachycephalosaurus was the largest of the dome-headed dinosaurs. It was an herbivore which thrived at the very end of the age of dinosaurs. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 8 inches. Part 2 of 3: total project 19-22 hours (3 for research, 4 for skull measurements and reconstruction, and 4-5 hours for each of the three drawings) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1505495362589-SGBNJKE4MR3HMNISOP4E/Juvenile+Pachycephalosaurus+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Juvenile Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis (or Dracorex hogwartsia) For many dinosaurs, each growth stage came with striking characteristics. This has led to a great deal of taxonomic confusion, as early paleontologists assumed dinosaurs would be more like lizards (the young were simply tiny versions of adults). Tyrannosaurus juveniles had much longer legs compared to adults, and Triceratops had distinct horn and frill shapes for each part of its life. In many of these cases, each growth stage was given its own genus and species. Three distinct morph of dome-headed dinosaurs, or Pachycephalosaurs, lived in the same environment at the end of the cretaceous: named Dracorex, Stygymolach, and Pachycephalosaurus. There is now general concensus among paleontologists that these three were all Pachycephalsaurus, respectively representing juvenile, subadult, and adult growth stages. Pachycephalosaurus was the largest of the dome-headed dinosaurs. It was an herbivore which thrived at the very end of the age of dinosaurs. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 8 inches. Part 1 of 3: total project 19-22 hours (3 for research, 4 for skull measurements and reconstruction, and 4-5 hours for each of the three drawings) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1505173439462-TQ47M61Y3O0HNHCFCPHL/Storm+and+Runner+Watermark+2.jpg Paleoart - Quetzalcoatlus northropi and young Tyrannosaurus rex One of my gallery pieces for the Pacific Science Center. To this day, the diet and lifestyle of giant azhdarchid pterosaurs like Quetzalcoatlus is poorly understood. Some paleontologists suggest these giants were waders feeding on crustaceans and fish, others believe they ambled about hunting lizards and young dinosaurs, while others think they soared the cretaceous skies looking for corpses like a giant vulture. It is possible that, despite a wingspan of nearly forty feet, they couldn't fly. What is known is that they were massive. Some of the largest species stood over twenty feet tall when on all fours. Whatever these mysterious creatures were, they would certainly have been impressive to behold! Media: colored Pencil. 6 by 11 inches. 12 hours (3 for research, 2 on skeletal drawings and muscular studies, 7 for the final illustrations) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1504881448782-Q5KHUO3EVU3104QAG6DX/Charging+Triceratops+Watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Triceratops prorsus A commission from the Pacific Science Center for their paleoart gallery. The diet of Triceratops consisted mostly of the ferns shown at its feet, although its sharp beat and strong jaws could handle almost anything it could reach. Like modern large herbivores, such as water buffalo and hippos, Triceratops males were likely aggressive animals. Considering the variety of large predators in its environment (Tyrannosaurus and Dakotaraptor), this behavior served as a deterrent, making predators think twice about attacking young Triceratops for fear that an adult male might be nearby. Media: colored Pencil. 7 by 9 inches. 10 hours (2 for research, 2 on skeletal drawings and muscular studies, 6 for the final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1504660609819-G7N206JSE278NOBBAVJ2/Pteranodon+longiceps+watermarked.jpg Paleoart - Pteranodon longiceps Part of a gallery collection I'm working on for the Pacific Science Center. Pteranodon was a piscivorous (fish eating) pterosaur that thrived in the shallow sea that ran through what are now the central United States during the late Cretaceous period. It's name means 'toothless wing', yet is often depicted with a toothed beak in modern media. With a wingspan of 18-20 in the males (females were much smaller), they were the largest pterosaurs known until the discovery of the azhdarchid pterosaurs- animals like Quetzalcoatlus with a wingspan of nearly 40 feet. Media: colored pencil. 5 by 10 inches. 12 hours (3 for research, 1 for preliminary sketches and skeletal reconstructions, and 8 total for the final illustrations) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1501027175982-ILVQKA38EIBMT58YYGYC/Dimetrodon+Watermarked.png Paleoart - Dimetrodon borealis Numerous recent findings have reshaped how this classic animal is reconstructed. Skin impressions from related animals suggest it had smooth, porous skin. Hair has not been found directly associated with Dimetrodon, but as a relative of mammals, it is a possibility. What was once assumed to be a full sail is now known to have protrusions at least part of the way up, as shown by the tips of the sail being broken and healed in a way that couldn't happen if the sail membrane continued to the top. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 8 inches. 6 hours (2 for research, 1 for preliminary sketches and skeletal reconstructions, and 3 for the final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1502402731523-JA6HNS4W4J6P7YP2Q5IG/Thylacoleo+carnifax.jpg Paleoart - Thylacoleo carnifex Thylacoleo carnifex, done for my upcoming short story, Lessons. Media: colored pencil Time: 5 hours (1 for research and measurements, 4 for drawing) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1526158611308-F749MBESKSY5GNME74BZ/EDG+Tyrannosaurus+1900%27s+style.jpg Paleoart - Tyrannosaurus rex (1910's style) When it was first discovered, Tyrannosaurus was depicted like most dinosaurs of the late 19th century and early 20th: cold blooded and sluggish. The coloration was believed to be dull greens and browns. The typical references used by illustrators were lizards like iguanas. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 10 inches. 8 hours (1 for research, 1 for preliminary sketches and skeletal reconstructions, and 6 for the final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1526158637902-6GXTY3Y1R2PMFW65DZO1/EDG+Tyrannosaurus+90%27s+style.jpg Paleoart - Tyrannosaurus rex (1970's-1980's style) With the discovery of Deinonychus antirrhopus in the 60’s, the idea of dinosaurs as lumbering reptiles shifted. Scientists proposed that dinosaurs were warm blooded, active, and colorful animals. Drawing shifted to displaying dinosaurs as sleek, active animals with upright heads, elevated postures, and no body fat. Scientific reconstructions often relied heavily on modern mammals and crocodiles for inspiration. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 10 inches. 9 hours (1 for research, 1 for preliminary sketches and skeletal reconstructions, and 7 for the final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1526158671121-S26FOHSPKSQEBNQW7AZH/EDG+Extra-feathered+T.+rex.jpg Paleoart - Tyrannosaurus rex (contemporary) Now that soft tissue has been uncovered in several specimens and several related species are preserved with feathers, a fuller understanding of Tyrannosaurus can be presented. Neither rigid nor sluggish, the current idea of dinosaurs suggests animals active and unique. We now have enough data to take reference from related dinosaurs, relying less on contemporary animals and therefore bringing us a closer image to what these animals may have looked like. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 10 inches. 12 hours (3 for research, 1 for preliminary sketches and skeletal reconstructions, and 8 for the final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1526158421477-YI095PMA5YCPNKSGZ9CS/EDG+Triceratops+1900%27s.jpg Paleoart - Triceratops prorsus (1910's style) An illustration for the Pacific Science Center: When it was first discovered, Triceratops was depicted like most dinosaurs of the late 19th century and early 20th: cold blooded and sluggish. The coloration was believed to be dull greens and browns. The typical references used by illustrators were lizards like iguanas. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 10 inches. 8 hours (1 for research, 1 for preliminary sketches and skeletal reconstructions, and 6 for the final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1526158450114-WCQXGW9Z4XJPRQ0OKPN6/EDG+Triceratops+1980%27s.jpg Paleoart - Triceratops prorsus (1980's-1990's style) With the discovery of Deinonychus antirrhopus in the 60’s, the idea of dinosaurs as lumbering reptiles began to shift. Scientists proposed that dinosaurs were warm blooded, active, and colorful animals. Drawing shifted to displaying dinosaurs as sleek, active animals with upright heads, elevated postures, and no body fat. Scientific reconstructions often relied heavily on modern mammals and crocodiles for inspiration. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 10 inches. 8 hours (1 for research, 1 for preliminary sketches and skeletal reconstructions, and 6 for the final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1526158574944-74KI7CL8A3U06M5TEKNE/EDG+Triceratops+%28Contemporary+Mask%29.jpg Paleoart - Triceratops prorsus (contemporary) Now that soft tissue has been uncovered in several specimens and related species display integument like quills and feathers, a fuller understanding of Triceratops can be presented. Neither rigid nor sluggish, the current idea of dinosaurs suggests animals active and unique. We now have enough data to take reference from related dinosaurs, relying less on contemporary animals and therefore bringing us a closer image to what these animals may have looked like. Media: colored pencil. 8 by 10 inches. 12 hours (3 for research, 1 for preliminary sketches and skeletal reconstructions, and 8 for the final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1505173099418-K6IP02IT9JVGZPJZ4BKV/Storm+and+Runner+Watermark.jpg Paleoart https://www.illustratedmenagerie.com/marine-life daily 0.75 2018-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525444928456-3BIVYQPT30DUFSI8ZMVL/Brook+Trout+Watermarked.jpg Aquatic Life - Brook Trout (Salvelinus frontinalis) In 1975, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was named the State Freshwater Fish of New York. It is also the state fish of many other US states, including Michigan, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Virginia. There are three variations of this adaptable fish: the large lake brook trout, the small lake brook trout, and a form that spends part of their year in salt water. The brook trout hybridizes with many other trouts and chars that share their habitats. Although there may not be anything about the brook trout that makes it stand out among other game fish, it is a popular catch among anglers, and many find their scale patterns interesting and beautiful. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525444928456-3BIVYQPT30DUFSI8ZMVL/Brook+Trout+Watermarked.jpg Aquatic Life - Brook Trout (Salvelinus frontinalis) In 1975, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was named the State Freshwater Fish of New York. It is also the state fish of many other US states, including Michigan, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Virginia. There are three variations of this adaptable fish: the large lake brook trout, the small lake brook trout, and a form that spends part of their year in salt water. The brook trout hybridizes with many other trouts and chars that share their habitats. Although there may not be anything about the brook trout that makes it stand out among other game fish, it is a popular catch among anglers, and many find their scale patterns interesting and beautiful. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509741207233-PZNC6E72K1XGSM1CZ0XH/Largemouth+Bass.jpg Aquatic Life - Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a large freshwater gamefish. They can be found in rivers and lakes throughout North America, and have been introduced to several bodies of water around the world, where their adaptability in diet and temperature has caused many species of fish and waterbird to go extinct once the largemouth bass is introduced. Their size is often determined by the density of plant life in their habitat: reed-filled waters yield small bass due to the difficulty in finding prey. In open waters, largemouth bass can grow over two and a half feet long and become the apex predators of their environment. Media: colored pencil Time: 7 hours (1 for research, 1 for sketch and measurements, and 5 for final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445001721-P806KRAD7SDONT3QA4A5/Estuary+Seahorse.jpg Aquatic Life - Estuary Seahorse (Hippocampus kuda) Because of it's wide geographic distribution and diverse range of habitats from open waters to dense mangroves, the estuary seahorse comes in an impressive variety of color morphs. Often a mottled grey, it can also be reddish, yellow, spotted, orange as above, or a blotchy combination of many of these. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509741557894-VUCOIDDLE4VBAI8ZNEI4/Narwhal+Watermarked.jpg Aquatic Life - Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) Narwhal means 'corpse whale' and gets its common name from the mottled coloration that makes it look like a drowned sailor. It is a small whale, typically growing between 11 and 13 feet in length (not counting the tusk). It's scientific name, Monodon monoceros, means one-tooth one-horn; this is a reference to the tusks that grow from its upper jaw. Typically this tusk is the left front tooth in males, but sometimes females will grow a small tusk and on extremely rare occasions a male will sport a pair of spiraling tusks. The use of these tusks has been the source of tremendous debate in the scientific community, with suggestions ranging from sparring and spear-fishing to navigation and display. Recent footage shows a male narwhal spinning his tusk around a fish, making it dizzy and disoriented before swallowing it whole. The distinctive spiral of their tusks is considered one of the sources of the mythical unicorn. In antiquity, narwhal tusks were sold as 'unicorn horns' at great value, with claims that they could cure diseases and grant vast wealth and fortune. Media: colored pencil 5 hours total (1 for research and sketches, 4 for final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509814638101-DBPBLHTXA2Y7RWVSIOOK/Shortfin+Mako+copy.jpg Aquatic Life - Shortfin Mako The shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) is a lamniform (fish of prey) shark. They average 10 feet in length and weight around 250 pounds. With bursts of speed before an attack exceeding 40 miles per hour, they are the fastest shark. It is one of the few endothermic (warm-blooded) sharks. With the largest brain to body ratio among sharks, the shorten mako is a rapid problem-solver. They primarily hunt by vision. Although they are confirmed man-killers, these instances are rare and always provoked; these intelligent and keen-eyed sharks know humans aren't prey, and often give ample warning. On the rare occasion that they do strike, it is with deadly results. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509741715027-F32ADX36530D4NM4X85I/Tower+Shell+Watermarked.jpg Aquatic Life - Tower Snail (Turritella communis) The shell of a tower snail. Graphite 3 hours https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509741032661-EOYLLLR2JQVNZSN51M10/Cownose+Ray+Watermark.jpg Aquatic Life - Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) The cownose ray is a species of eagle ray. They are highly migratory. They feed on oysters and clams by crushing them with the dental plates that have replaced the teeth of their ancestors. As cownose rays handle captivity well and are not aggressive, they are often featured in 'touch tanks' at aquariums around the world. Media: colored pencil 5 hours total (1 for research and sketches, 4 for final illustration) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509741488551-AF3PZVIRXM903MZUS1ML/Horseshoe+Crab+Watermarked.jpg Aquatic Life - Atlantic Horseshoe Crab (Limulus polyphemus) The Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) is an oceanic arthropod related to spiders and scorpions. Colored pencil 3 hours https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509741820842-0FSLBTW2WO1AUM0R9RE5/Inktober+Day+4+Underwater.jpg Aquatic Life - Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a plant native to the amazon basin. It is notorious as an invasive species, able to take over wetland environments worldwide with unparalleled speed and efficiency, devastating native flora and fauna. Within a few years of being introduced in the US, the water hyacinth was so populous that it clogged up the Mississippi and stopped river shipping in several states. Congress went so far as to almost import hippopotamuses to the US as a solution to both the hyacinth crisis and a meat shortage, which was stopped by a single vote. It was not until recent years that a combination of mechanical and chemical methods have controlled the hyacinth population. Media: ink 1 hour https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509741929440-W4MIM3VS3IU197Z7SME1/Inktober+Day+6+Sword.jpg Aquatic Life - Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) The swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is among the fastest fish in the sea. It uses its iconic bill to slash prey to injure and disorient them before feeding. They can grow up to 15 feet in length and weigh 1400 pounds. Although ectothermic (cold-blooded), they are one of the few fish to have a heating system in their eyes, improving their vision and thereby increasing their success as predators. Media: ink 1 hour https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509741998319-YV3OLW0FVH0V6NGJDRNT/Inktober+Day+10+Gigantic.jpg Aquatic Life - Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musclulus) Throughout the long history of this planet, the largest animal ever discovered is still alive today: the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus). During the early decades of the whaling industry, blue whales were avoided, as their size, speed, and strength made them unrealistic targets. With the 1900's came harpoon guns powerful enough to kill blues and ships large enough to process them. Forty years later, they were nearly extinct. Since bans and regulations in the 60's, the blue whale has made a slow and steady recovery. However, their population remains around 1% of pre-whaling numbers. While I have had the privilage of seeing most whale species in the wild, I have yet to see a blue whale. It is a long-lasting hope of mine to have this opportunity some day. Media: ink 1 hour https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509742091924-CQFAEH8H1WNN8KB6MJB7/Inktober+Day+13+Teeming.jpg Aquatic Life - Krill (Order Euphausiacea) Krill (Euphausiacea) can be found in all the world's oceans. They are small crustaceans that are best known for being the primary food source of baleen whales like blue whales. Krill swarms can be incredibly dense, having as many as 60,000 animals per cubic meter and the entire swarm numbering in the millions. They are used as ocean fishing bait and feed in aquariums. Although they are served as a delicacy in a few countries like Japan and Russia, krill are rarely consumed by humans. Media: ink 1 hour https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509742174789-OOZLKLYB4GIJWOQQ7F4T/Inktober+Day+17+Graceful.jpg Aquatic Life - Manatee When I first saw a manatee in captivity I was struck by how graceful he was in the water. Seeing photographs in books, I had always assumed they would be slow and clumsy. Media: ink 1 hour https://www.illustratedmenagerie.com/new-gallery daily 0.75 2018-07-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445183733-87V2HOON1FEY3BGQRPDC/Fjord+the+%27Texblade%27.jpg Character Illustrations - Fjord 'Texblade' Fanart Fjord is a Half-Orc Hexblade Warlock, played by Travis WIllingham on the Dungeons and Dragons show Critical Role https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445183733-87V2HOON1FEY3BGQRPDC/Fjord+the+%27Texblade%27.jpg Character Illustrations - Fjord 'Texblade' Fanart Fjord is a Half-Orc Hexblade Warlock, played by Travis WIllingham on the Dungeons and Dragons show Critical Role https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1516639109075-K0DU68ZVGAV9U8FTR942/Nott%2C+Caleb%2C+and+Frumpkin+Final.jpg Character Illustrations - Nott, Caleb Widogast, and Frumpkin Fanart Nott the Goblin Rogue, Caleb the Human Wizard, and his cat familiar Frumpkin played by Sam Riegal and Liam O'Brian on the Dungeons and Dragons show Critical Role https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1516639121657-Q7EBXY18V03IL3X1QPS9/Beau+and+Yasha.jpg Character Illustrations - Beauregard and Yasha Fanart Beau the Human Monk and Yasha the Aasimar Barbarian played by Marisha Ray and Ashley Johnson on the Dungeons and Dragons show Critical Role https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530912319707-57VSM1S02VDAIM9A0UIM/Wyvern.jpg Character Illustrations - Wyvern Wyverns are draconic predators that soar over steppes and mountains in search of food. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445227460-8NTP1NITPG7YO53H7QRN/Decurio+Kitane.jpg Character Illustrations - Kitane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445269945-DBKWPM8KYKED6P6D6AT0/Centaur+and+Halfling+2.jpg Character Illustrations - Centaur with halflings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445306606-MAK92R55UTN7SP6CFYMT/Magdelena+Pryvid.jpg Character Illustrations - Magdalena Pryvid Alena is a harpy rogue https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445375429-N6E9LWW234OCE0GHLLQ0/Leif+Svensen+Korbrok.jpg Character Illustrations - Leif Svensen Korbrok Leif is a human ranger https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445334707-Y5ULQ45WRB1YMOU3EPOQ/Cerrick+Tridorozka.jpg Character Illustrations - Cerrik Tridorozka Cer is an elf wizard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1525445403172-RQUQU1LQLVCR2CAF01KR/Zenia+of+Bahamut.jpg Character Illustrations - Zenia Zenia is a human warlock https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1512525745291-6KL1WGIPC6T3RG2XR5N5/Griffin+Watermarked.jpg Character Illustrations - Griffin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530912527119-2ZSUUKVOZ5LJJI99DGHO/A+Boy+and+His+Dog.jpg Character Illustrations - A Boy and His Dog As his mother is chief of Clan Modekesh, Kire is considered an ork despite his human father. Since Clan Modekesh, or the Rooster Clan, is the lead clan of the Hill Ork Confederacy, Kire has many diplomatic responsibilities. He is here pictured with his orkhund Alani, a gift from the Hound Clan. Alani is a year old, yet is already large enough to be quite an intimidating presence. For the most part, however, she would rather eat than do anything else. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743599590-O0UCUPRR6Y9V1LVLQ7ER/Anasiq+2.jpg Character Illustrations - Anasiq https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743963259-0E4EII8YL7NRU7N40ZJY/Emahari+2.jpg Character Illustrations - Emahari Khosindrakulu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743984158-4B42SNVZ6FJPTDRR92VI/Malius+Watermarked.jpg Character Illustrations - Malius Lioriel https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743904410-2CIIPAH81H9JU0P39DXU/Bertix+Watermarked.jpg Character Illustrations - Bertix Khosindrakulu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743620791-UXZ9MVOOH2E1R3W7TNWY/Jotz+2.jpg Character Illustrations - Jotz https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743922961-5OKYRLRGQ1BXI72T9MIU/Character+Concept+1.jpg Character Illustrations - Khaldin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743932324-AEHKLRL98ZX6M7UR6MYM/Character+Concept+2.jpg Character Illustrations - Alari https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743613262-BUYUTDC4WU830FDLULTW/Character+5.jpg Character Illustrations - Alia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743939677-H6NG2Q9NQWX2ADXD9026/Character+Concept+3.jpg Character Illustrations - Little Viper https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743957454-1FP5JM975H4IZ3K1JDIS/Character+Headshots+copy.jpg Character Illustrations - Cast of the Three Spears https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743648977-QJA5WMTLXMQ5S61MJZ9X/Myr%27Gallax+2.jpg Character Illustrations - Map of Myr'Gallax https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1509743637972-N3PFL8KJRA3ST5UL1N6D/Old+Qadani+Watermarked.jpg Character Illustrations - Map of the Old World https://www.illustratedmenagerie.com/home daily 0.75 2017-06-01 https://www.illustratedmenagerie.com/home-1 daily 1.0 2022-08-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/592652ece6f2e1233b0e4da2/1530913905809-HQ8QEP5I5AKUTJ7FVQUH/Tyrannosaurus+rex+Family.jpg